15 Ancient Diseases Revived in Modern Labs
This listicle looks at ancient pathogens that scientists have revived to understand how they once spread and how they might affect us today.
- Daisy Montero
- 5 min read
Scientists have brought back several ancient diseases to study how they once spread. These revived samples help experts understand how old outbreaks started. The research also shows how some germs changed over time, helping scientists prepare for future health threats.
1. 1. The Return of Yersinia pestis

National Institutes of Health (NIH) on Wikimedia Commons
Scientists revived strains of the plague bacterium to learn how it evolved. The samples showed how fast the disease adapted to new hosts. These findings helped map out long-forgotten outbreaks. The work also revealed why the plague became one of the deadliest diseases in history.
2. 2. Ancient Smallpox DNA Uncovered

Dr Graham Beards on Wikimedia Commons
Researchers recovered old strains of the smallpox virus from preserved remains. The DNA gave a clearer timeline of how the virus changed through the centuries. The research also showed that earlier versions were less severe than later waves. Scientists used the findings to fill gaps in the history of the disease.
3. 3. Leprosy Strains Revived for Study

Department of Pathology, Calicut Medical College on Wikimedia Commons
Researchers grew ancient leprosy bacteria to learn how the disease spread in early communities. The revived strains helped experts compare older forms to modern ones. The similarities showed how persistent the pathogen remained over time. The project also explained how it survived inside human hosts for so long.
4. 4. Old Tuberculosis Samples Reawakened

NIAID on Wikimedia Commons
Scientists analyzed revived tuberculosis bacteria from ancient human remains. The samples revealed that early strains were already highly adaptable. This explained why the disease spread so widely across different regions. It also showed that modern strains kept many traits from their ancestors.
5. 5. Recreating Early Flu Viruses

NIAID on Wikimedia Commons
Researchers rebuilt segments of ancient flu viruses to track their early mutations. They used frozen samples to compare older strains to newer ones. The research highlighted how quickly the virus learns to survive new conditions. It also helped experts understand the roots of modern flu outbreaks.
6. 6. Cholera’s Oldest Forms Revived

Wayback Machine on Wikimedia Commons
Scientists revived very old cholera samples found in preserved records. The samples showed how early strains behaved in water sources. This helped researchers see how the disease gained strength over time. It also revealed why ancient coastal cities experienced large outbreaks.
7. 7. Hepatitis B Resurfaces Through Ancient Remains

NIAID on Wikimedia Commons
Researchers retrieved hepatitis B DNA from skeletons thousands of years old. They used modern methods to revive and analyze the virus. The work showed how the disease traveled along ancient trade routes. It also revealed that some strains remained unchanged for centuries.
8. 8. Ancient Salmonella Recreated in Labs

NIAID on Wikimedia Commons
Experts revived old Salmonella strains to understand early foodborne outbreaks. They found that ancient versions were surprisingly aggressive. The research gave clues about contamination in early settlements. It also helped scientists track how food safety evolved.
9. 9. Tetanus Spores Reawakened

Microrao on Wikimedia Commons
Ancient tetanus spores were revived to compare their strength to modern ones. The samples showed how long the bacteria could remain dormant. Researchers found that early strains were already resistant to harsh environments. The findings explained why historical wounds often turned deadly.
10. 10. Revived Parasitic Worm Eggs

Ajay Kumar Chaurasiya on Wikimedia Commons
Scientists revived ancient parasite eggs found in frozen soil. They studied how the worms affected early human groups. The findings showed that ancient communities endured long-lasting infections. The project gave insight into how parasites adapted to different environments.
11. 11. Anthrax Spores Awakening in Thawing Permafrost

Volker Brinkmann on Wikimedia Commons
Researchers examined anthrax spores released from melting ground layers. They revived the spores to test their strength. The samples proved that the bacteria survived for many decades in frozen conditions. Scientists now monitor areas where thawing might reveal more spores.
12. 12. Ancient Tapeworm Fragments Studied

Internet Archive Book Images on Wikimedia Commons
Old tapeworm fragments were analyzed and revived to see how the parasites lived inside early humans. The studies showed how the worms spread through ancient diets. Researchers learned that some strains changed very little over time. This helped explain the parasite’s long history in human health.
13. 13. Tracing Early Variola Strains

CDC/Dr. David Kirsh on Wikimedia Commons
Scientists revived old variola virus samples to compare them to more recent ones. This helped experts see how the disease changed before modern vaccines. The samples revealed surprising genetic stability. The research filled major gaps in the disease’s long timeline.
14. 14. Fungal Pathogens Brought Back to Life

Albarubescens on Wikimedia Commons
Ancient fungal samples were revived to study how they infected early crops and humans. The findings showed how the fungi survived long droughts. Scientists also identified traits that helped them latch onto new hosts. These studies revealed how early communities dealt with large-scale crop failures.
15. 15. Mosquito Borne Diseases Reconstructed

Alvesgaspar on Wikimedia Commons
Scientists examined ancient mosquitoes to uncover pathogens trapped inside their bodies. They revived the microbes to learn how early mosquito-borne diseases formed. The findings gave clues about the spread of early fevers. This research helped build a clearer picture of disease transmission thousands of years ago.