20 Most Controversial Inaugurations in U.S. History
These 20 presidential inaugurations reveal how a day meant for unity has often been marred by controversies and dramatic turning points in U.S. history.
- Sophia Zapanta
- 7 min read
Inaugurations symbolize democracy, but they don’t always go as planned. Some inaugurations, from protests to disputed elections, have reflected the country’s deep divisions. This list highlights 20 inaugurations steeped in controversy, showcasing the struggles and resilience of the American political system.
1. Obama’s Oath Mix-up (2009)
Master Sgt. Cecilio Ricardo on Wikimedia Commons
During his first inauguration in January 2009, President Obama got tangled up in his words while taking the oath of office after Chief Justice Roberts mistakenly said a word out of order. Obama retook the oath a few days later to avoid issues, but conspiracy theories had already started circulating. This moment became one of the most talked-about inaugurations in history. Despite the confusion, Obama moved forward with his presidency without significant setbacks.
2. George Washington’s Short Speech
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When George Washington delivered his second inaugural address in Philadelphia, it was the shortest in U.S. history. His speech was 135 words long, sharply contrasting with other long-winded addresses. Washington kept it brief, knowing the importance of not overstaying his welcome. It set the tone for many future inaugural speeches.
3. William Henry Harrison’s Long Address
Albert Gallatin Hoit on Wikimedia Commons
President William Henry Harrison delivered the most extended inaugural address in history, lasting over two hours and containing over 8,000 words. Unfortunately, his decision to deliver such a lengthy speech in cold weather without a coat caused him to contract pneumonia. He passed away just 30 days later, marking the shortest presidency in history. This event highlighted the unpredictable nature of inaugural ceremonies.
4. Andrew Johnson’s Drunken Speech
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During Abraham Lincoln’s second inauguration, Vice President Andrew Johnson appeared drunk, giving an embarrassing and incoherent speech. A senator at the time described Johnson’s actions as disgraceful, especially for the Senate. His behavior overshadowed the event and became a scandal. This moment remains one of the most controversial in U.S. inauguration history.
5. Franklin Pierce’s Inaugural Ball Cancellation
Mathew Benjamin Brady on Wikimedia Commons
President Franklin Pierce canceled his Inaugural Ball for a heartbreaking reason: his son had just died. This decision was understood and respected by the public. Pierce’s somber mood marked the beginning of his presidency. The cancellation showed how personal tragedy can affect even the grandest political events.
6. George W. Bush’s Masonic Bible Plan
Eric Draper on Wikimedia Commons
George W. Bush wanted to use the same Masonic Bible his father and George Washington had used during their inaugurations. He had it shipped from New York to D.C. for the ceremony, but lousy weather ruined his plans. Despite the effort and symbolism behind the original one, a different Bible had to be used. This mix-up became an odd moment in presidential history.
7. Franklin D. Roosevelt’s Parade Cancellation
Vincenzo Laviosa on Wikimedia Commons
During his fourth inauguration, Franklin D. Roosevelt did not have an inaugural parade due to World War II and rationing issues. Due to a shortage of gas and lumber, the traditional celebration could not occur. Roosevelt’s decision was necessary given the wartime circumstances, and it remains one of the more unique moments in inaugural history.
8. Andrew Johnson’s No-Show at Grant’s Inauguration
Samuele Wikipediano 1348 on Wikimedia Commons
President Andrew Johnson skipped Ulysses S. Grant’s inaugural ceremony, opting to sign the legislation at the White House instead. This absence was seen as unusual and controversial. Johnson’s choice not to attend the event puzzled many at the time, creating tension during a pivotal moment in American history.
9. JFK’s Inauguration Fire Incident
Cecil Stoughton on Wikimedia Commons
During John F. Kennedy’s inauguration, an electrical short caused a fire at Cardinal Richard Cushing’s podium. Despite the chaos, Kennedy remained calm and even smiled once the situation was resolved. The fire incident added a dramatic twist to a historic day, but JFK’s composure helped the event continue smoothly.
10. Obama’s Pastor Controversy
Pete Souza on Wikimedia Commons
For President Obama’s inauguration, the pastor he initially selected, Rev. Louis Giglio, stepped down due to controversy surrounding past comments about homosexuality. Rev. Luis Leon replaced him to deliver the prayer instead. This change sparked some public debate but did not overshadow the event. Obama’s inaugural ceremony went ahead without further issues.
11. Andrew Jackson’s Wild Inauguration
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When Andrew Jackson became president in 1829, 20,000 supporters gathered at the White House to celebrate. The celebration quickly turned into chaos, with broken furniture and glass shattering. One person said, “Ladies fainted, men had bloody noses, and it was a scene that can’t be described.” Jackson had to escape the madness by jumping out of a window.
12. Ulysses S. Grant’s Cold Inauguration
Brady-Handy Photograph Collection on Wikimedia Commons
Ulysses S. Grant’s second inauguration in 1873 occurred on one of the coldest days in Washington, D.C., with temperatures at 16°F. The strong wind made it feel much colder, and flags froze or ripped. Ambulances had to be ready to take cold soldiers to the hospital. Despite the cold, the parade went on as planned.
13. Dwight D. Eisenhower’s Unusual Prayer
White House on Wikimedia Commons
At his first inauguration in 1953, Dwight D. Eisenhower skipped the tradition of kissing the Bible and said his prayer instead. Afterward, he oversaw a massive parade with 62 bands and 26,000 people. With the Secret Service’s permission, a cowboy roper named Montie Montana even lassoed Eisenhower. Vice President Richard Nixon and others laughed at the fun moment.
14. Richard Nixon’s Rooster Incident
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At a ball during Richard Nixon’s second inauguration in 1973, a rooster escaped from a farm exhibit and joined the guests. The bird caused a scene and reportedly “attacked” a guest. Smithsonian’s Secretary S. Dillon Ripley managed to catch and calm the rooster. He then returned the bird to its exhibit in the museum.
15. Jimmy Carter’s Inaugural Walk
White House on Wikimedia Commons
After taking the oath, Jimmy Carter surprised everyone by walking with his family at the front of his inaugural parade. Only one other president, Thomas Jefferson, had done this before. Carter’s decision to walk instead of riding in a car showed his connection to the people. It was a simple but powerful gesture that made his inauguration special.
16. William Henry Harrison’s Short Presidency
John Sartain on Wikimedia Commons
William Henry Harrison became president in 1841 at 68, making him the oldest president. Unfortunately, he served only 31 days before his death, the shortest U.S. presidential term ever. He died just one month after taking the oath of office. Harrison’s sudden passing left the country in shock, marking an unusual start to his presidency.
17. Abraham Lincoln’s Tense Inauguration
Alexander Gardner on Wikimedia Commons
Abraham Lincoln’s second inauguration was full of tension. The country was on the edge of a civil war, and several states had left the Union. Lincoln faced threats to his life. During his speech, he focused on unity, even though there were plots against him. His calm leadership helped steer the nation through a tough time.
18. Theodore Roosevelt’s Bold Inauguration
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Theodore Roosevelt became president in 1901 after William McKinley was assassinated. The country was rapidly changing, with cities growing and industries booming. Roosevelt’s hopeful speech encouraged Americans to embrace the new century with optimism. He focused on progress and strength for the future.
19. Franklin D. Roosevelt’s Inauguration During the Great Depression
US National Archives on Wikimedia Commons
When Franklin D. Roosevelt became president in 1933, the country was deep in the Great Depression. Many people were unemployed, and banks were closing. Roosevelt promised a “New Deal” to fix the economy and help people feel hopeful again. His words brought a sense of hope during a very tough time.
20. Thomas Jefferson’s Controversial Inauguration
Rembrandt Peale on Wikimedia Commons
When he became the third president of the United States in 1801, Thomas Jefferson faced controversy. His election was tense, and people were divided about his leadership. Despite his experience, his first inauguration was not easy. However, Jefferson would go on to be a key figure in shaping the United States’ early years.